In the inter-AS seamless MPLS+HVPN networking, an HVPN connection between a CSG and AGG is established, and an inter-AS seamless MPLS LSP between an AGG and MASG is established. The inter-AS seamless MPLS+HVPN networking obtains the collective advantages of the inter-AS seamless MPLS network and HVPN. Networking Requirements In Figure 1, the access and aggregation layers …